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Configuring alerts in Splunk primarily involves using search queries with defined conditions. This method allows users to specify criteria that trigger alerts based on the results of Splunk searches. Users can define thresholds, specify time windows, and select the types of notifications or actions to take when the conditions are met. By leveraging search queries, one can create nuanced and responsive alerts that are tailored to the specific needs of the organization's data monitoring requirements.

Other options, like visual query builders, may assist with constructing searches visually, but they aren't the primary method for setting up alerts. Manual inspection does not automate the alerting process and relies more on human oversight, which is not efficient for real-time alerting needs. Scripted outputs can be part of the alerting processes but are generally more related to custom output actions rather than the foundational way to configure an alert itself. Thus, using search queries with defined conditions is the most direct and effective method for setting up alerts in Splunk.