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In a clustered environment, Splunk components communicate with each other primarily through the HTTP protocol. This communication is essential for the functionality of Splunk, especially when it comes to indexers, search heads, and forwarders working together. The HTTP protocol facilitates the transfer of data, commands, and status information among these components, ensuring efficient operations and data integrity within the cluster.

While HTTPS could also be considered because it provides a secure communication channel, the clustered setup typically involves using HTTP for internal communication, and secure considerations can be managed with additional configurations if needed. Syslog and UDP are protocols used for different purposes, such as log aggregation or sending events from devices, rather than for the internal communication between Splunk components. Thus, the dominant protocol for component communication in a clustered Splunk environment is HTTP.